JIGSAW GENS
“Redeemers” at a Glance
A rundown of temporal attributes and historical peers shared by many Baby Grangers
As part of my ongoing “Jigsaw Gens” series, I profile the various American generations (and “microgenerations”) identified by historians.
In This Installment…
Featured Generation: “Redeemers” (aka Baby Grangers, Purple Shirts, Risk-Takers, Auric Earlybirds, Dredgers)
Who they are: The fourth-youngest pre-Hemingrebel generation, whose members were instrumental in America’s Redemption movement
When they were born: Approximately between 1816–1827
Key Members
Lawmakers & Policy-Shapers: Ulysses S. Grant, Schuyler Colfax, Rutherford Hayes, Orville H. Platt, Thomas Stanley Matthews, Nathaniel P. Banks, Samuel Blatchford, William A. Wheeler, George B. McClellan, Henry Winter Davis, Leland Stanford, Morrison Waite, Samuel Freeman Miller, Red Cloud, Samuel F. Phillips, William Burnham Woods, Galusha A. Grow, Benjamin Butler, Stephen Johnson Field, Thomas A. Hendricks, Oscar Dunn, Lucius Lamar, Pablo de la Guerra, John C. Breckinridge, William Porcher Miles, Levi P. Morton, John Alexander Logan, Benjamin F. Randolph, Nathaniel P. Banks, John Benjamin Sanborn, Austin Blair, Richard Howell Gleaves, William “Boss” Tweed, Louis Wigfall, John Albion Andrew, Oliver P. Morton, Guipago, William M. Evarts, Hiram Rhodes Revels, George Washington Julian, Edwards Pierrepont, Jabez L.M. Curry, Wade Hampton III, Joseph Medill, Orris Sanford Ferry
Literary Writers: Herman Melville, James Russell Lowell, Anna Cora Mowatt, Thomas Mayne Reid, Julia Ward Howe, Lucy Larcom, E.D.E.N. Southworth, Dion Boucicault, Harriet Hanson Robinson, Bayard Taylor, Charlotte Mary Sanford Barnes, John Rollin Ridge, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Ned Buntline, Philip Pendleton Cooke, H. Marion Stephens, Frederick W. Lander, Phoebe Cary, Harry Watkins, Abba Goddard, Margaret Miller Davidson, Amelia B. Coppuck Welby, James Monroe Whitfield, Anne Hampton Brewster, Cynthia Roberts Gorton, Susan Archer Weiss, Charles Godfrey Leland, Adelia Cleopatra Graves, Maria White Lowell, Cornelius Mathews, H.B. Goodwin, Rose Terry Cooke, Josiah Gilbert Holland, Abram S. Piatt, Frederick Goddard Tuckerman, Caroline Dana Howe, Sara Jane Lippincott, Alice Cary, Helen L. Bostwick, Anna Gardner, Eliza Sproat Turner, Addison Peale Russell, Julia Abigail Fletcher Carney, George Henry Boker, John Townsend Trowbridge
Journalists & Historians: William G. Allen, Benjamin Perley Poore, George William Curtis, Mary Ann Shadd Cary, Samuel Bowles, Charles Carleton Coffin, Mary Frances Vashon, George Law Curry, Mary Livermore, Henry Jarvis Ramond, James L. Alcorn, Samuel Ringgold Ward, Rowena Granice Steele, Amelia Jenks Bloomer, John Nugent, Louis Charles Roudanez, Jessie Benton Frémont, Mary Boykin Chesnut, John Bartlett, Francis Parkman, John Reuben Thompson, Henry B. Carrington, James Parton, Heinrich Lienhard, James Barnet Fry, William Cooper Nell, John Bigelow, Charles Anderson Dana, William Penn Nixon, John R. Baylor, Aaron Homer Byington, Pablo Tac, William Howard Russell, Peter Wellington Alexander, Samuel Wilkeson Jr., Carl Heinrich Schnauffer, John Moncure Daniel, William Stevens Robinson, James McClatchy, Franz Umbscheiden, Robert W. Loughery, Joseph K.C. Forrest, Matilda Joslyn Gage, James M. Simms, Alfred B. Meacham
Scientists & Researchers: George W.L. Bickley, Christopher Latham Sholes, Elizabeth Blackwell, Linus Yale Jr., Ramón Emeterio Betances, William Saunders, Edward Augustus Wild, Joseph James “Joe Jim” Jr., William Thomas Green Morton, Richard Jordan Gatling, Edmund Kirby Smith, James Buchanan Eads, Theodore Judah, Elias Howe Jr., Augustus Le Plongeon, Spencer Fullerton Baird, Allan Pinkerton, Elisha Kent Kane, Josiah Dwight Whitney, Heinrich Göbel, Ben Montgomery, John Newton, Hannibal Goodwin, Maria Mitchell, William Smith Clark, George Frederick Holmes, Lewis Henry Morgan, James Gilpatrick Blunt, Montgomery C. Meigs, Quincy Adams Gillmore, Adolph von Steinwehr, John Gibbon, Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, Edmund Kirby Smith, Charles F. Dowd, John H. Balsley, Mahlon Dickerson Manson, Jonathan Homer Lane, Haller Nutt, Anthony Paul Dostie, Eunice Newton Foote, Birdsill Holly Jr., Lydia White Shattuck, Jonathan Letterman, William “Filibuster” Walker
Athletes: William Rotch Wister, Frank Van Buren, Henry Chadwick, Alexander Cartwright, Nathaniel Allen, Isaac Jones Wistar, Doc Adams, Edward Everett Hale, Tom Hyer, Rufus King, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Samuel Robert Calthrop, William H. Tucker, Henry Chadwick, Louis F. Wadsworth, Robert N. Tinson, Henry Groom, Bill Cammeyer, Robert Ticknor, John Ticknor, Charles Schuyler De Bost, William Wheaton, Thomas Picton Milner, C.P.E. Johnson, George Tenney, Francis B. Phelps, George E. Hand, Richard Weaver, John Parker, George Heigho, E.W. Hatch
Entrepreneurs & Business Leaders: William Henry Vanderbilt, P.G.T. Beauregard, George Hearst, William Fargo, Thomas “Doc” Durant, Marcus Goldman, Alvinza Hayward, Domingo Ghirardelli, Erastus Flavel Beadle, George Treat, Logan Fontenelle, George Bissell, Samuel Brannan, Joseph Libbey Folsom, Benjamin B. Redding, Lydia Moss Bradley, Edwin Drake, Bela Wellman, Joshua “Emperor” Abraham Norton, William Mahone, Henry Warner Slocum, Ambrose Burnside, James S. Negley, Mary Surrat, Hiram Walker, Leonard C. Bailey, William D. Bradshaw, Charles Crocker, Hugh Boyle Ewing, Cyrus West Field, Henry H. Houston, George Chorpenning, John Howell Sears, Luzena Wilson, Charles Scribner I, Albert W. Hicks, Thomas A. Scott, Julius Stahel, Manning Ferguson Force, John Eberhard Faber, Gabriel C. Wharton, Jay Cooke, Alfred Washington Ellet, Charles Cruft, Edward Henry Hobson
Activists & Organizers: Clara Barton, William Tecumseh Sherman, Thomas Starr King, Robert Morris, Earl Van Dorn, Alexander Crummel, Isaac Mayer Wise, Lucy Stone, William “The Butcher” Poole, George Boyer Vashon, Mary Baker Eddy, Stonewall Jackson, Collis Potter Huntington, William Still, Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Gordon Granger, Manuelito, Jubal Early, Sarah Parker Remond, Edward S. Bragg, Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, Ellen G. White, Lansford Hastings, Nathan Bedford Forrest, William Rosecrans, George Thorndike Angell, Sophia Packard, Braxton Bragg, Winfield Scott Hancock, Anna Jeanes, Darius N. Couch, James Longstreet, Alexander P. Stewart, William Lewis Cabell, John Buford, Oliver Hudson Kelley, James S. White, Abner Doubleday, Thomas Low Nichols, John F. Reynolds, William Henry Trescot, Don Carlos Buell, Mary Ann Bickerdyke, Castner Hanway, James M. Shackelford
Entertainers: Laura Keene, James H. Stoddart, Madame Ponisi, Louisa Lane Drew, George L. Fox, Junius Brutus Booth Jr., George C. Howard, Barney Williams, Charlotte Cushman, Thomas Dilward, Catherine Norton Sinclair, John E. Owens, Harry Eytinge, Gustavus V. Brook, Eliza Logan, James Hewlett, Walter Montgomery, Susan Webb Cushman, Edward Askew Sothern, Josephine Hoey, Charles Fisher, Eliza Crisp, Frank Chanfrau, George Vandenhoff, Sidney Frances Bateman, James Stark, Lester Wallack, Sarah Hildreth Butler, Wyzeman Marshall, Joseph Proctor, Mary Ann Vincent, William Wheatley, Caroline Chapman, Frederick B. Conway, John Drew Sr., Edward Loomis Davenport, George Christy, William Pleater Davidge, John A. Ellsler, William H. Taylor, Milnes Levick, Edward Eddy, Charles Burke, George Benjamin Belmore, John Lewis Baker
Musicians: Stephen Collins Foster, William Batchelder Bradbury, Fanny Crosby, Victor-Eugene McCarty, George Frederick Bristow, Edmond Dédé, George Frederick Root, Joseph W. Postlewaite, Elizabeth Greenfield, Septimus Winner, Robert Lowry, Hans Balatka, Master Juba, Isaac B. Woodbury, Felipe Gutiérrez Y Espinosa, Eliza Biscaccianti, Joseph Philbrick Webster, Anton de Kontski, Luther Whiting Mason, Richard Storrs Willis, Faustina Hasse Hodges, William Fiske Sherman, Theodore Eisfeld, Henry Stephen Cutler, Edward Mollenhauer, Luther Orlando Emerson, Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, Francis Henry Brown, Armand Blackmar, Henry Howard Brownell, Elisha J. King, Augusta Browne, Johnny Diamond, James Lord Pierpont, Justin Holland, John Sullivan Dwight, James Cutler Dunn Parker, John P. Ordway, Charles Wels, Edward Mack, Seth Kinman, Dan Emmett, William Henry Fry, Henry Wellington Greatorex, Billy Whitlock
Visual Artists: Frederic Edwin Church, Mathew Brady, George Inness, Frederick Law Olmsted, Richard Morris Hunt, Mary Ann Lee, James Renwick Jr., William Henry Webb, Elizabeth Keekley, Truman Seymour, Emanuel Leutze, Thomas Ball, Gabriel Harrison, Adolf Cluss, Matthew Turner, Alexander Gardner, Rosalie Sully, Thomas Buchanan Read, William Wetmore Story, Candace Wheeler, Robert S. Duncanson, Vincent Colyer, Worthington Whittredge, Eastman Johnson, Sanford Robinson Gifford, William Henry Rinehart, Francis Blackwell Mayer, William Hart, John Frederick Kensett, Martin Johnson Heade, Richard Saltonstall Greenough, Daniel DeWitt Tompkins Davie, George Whiting Flagg, Aramenta Dianthe Vail, Jasper Francis Cropsey, Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor, James Augustus Suydam, Ebenezer Butterick, Jacob Guptil Fletcher, James Merritt Ives, George Washington Smith, Benjamin Champney, Peter F. Rothermel, Ellen Augusta Pollard Butterick, John E. Weyss
Cusp Cohorts
Preceding Microgeneration: “Prospectors” (1811–1815)
Prominent “Prospectors”: Harriett Beecher Stowe, Wendell Phillips, Henry Wilson, John Archibald Campbell, Horace Wells, Charles Lewis Tiffany, Horace Greeley, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Henry Box Brown, Ellen Sturgis Hooper, Alexander H. Stephens, Emma Stebbins, David Davis, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, Harriet Jacobs, Gardner Quincy Colton, Isaac Singer, Josephine Clifton, Stephen A. Douglas, John Banvard, Charles Sumner, Joshua Glover, William Wells Brown, Anna Ella Carroll, Joseph P. Bradley, Crawford Williamson Long, Edwin Pearce Christy, Samuel Colt, Henry Highland Garnet, Charles Walter Couldock, John Gross Barnard, Thomas Crawford, Andrew Blackbird, John C. Frémont, Randolph B. Marcy, John Lothrop Motley, Erastus Brigham Bigelow, William J. Hardee, James McCune Smith, Galen Clark, Judah Philip Benjamin, Owen Lovejoy, James Shepherd Pike, Martin Delany, Charles Turner Torrey, John Horse, Stevens Thompson Mason, Henry Bergh, Lyman Trumbull, Henry Ward Beecher, St. John Richardson Liddell, Israel Washburn Jr., Zachariah Chandler, Joseph Glidden, Sherman Booth, Nathaniel Currier, Junius Spencer Morgan, Benjamin Alvord, William Lowndes Yancey, George Ticknor Curtis, Henry Morris Naglee, Nathaniel McLean, William Ranney, Sanford E. Church, John Brougham, Cornelia Walter, James Curtis Hepburn, Andrew Gregg Curtin, Mark Hopkins Jr., Sarah Kirby-Stark, Henry “Old Brains” Halleck, John M. Trimble, Samuel J. Tilden, Nathaniel Bannister, Willis Augustus Hodges, John Bingham, William Hepburn Russell, Jane Johnson, Henry Watson, Richard Pelham, Edwin Stanton, Howell Cobb, Eliza Jane Cate, John L. O’Sullivan, Richard March Hoe, James Marion Sims, Afong Moy, Joshua Silsbee, George Meade, Joseph Miller of West Nottingham & Baltimore, Richard Henry Dana Jr., Samuel Kier
Subsequent Microgeneration: “Gilded Architects” (1828–1832)
Prominent “Gilded Architects”: Chester Arthur, Louisa May Alcott, Geronimo, William Francis Allen, John Pemberton, Sitting Bull, Levi Strauss, Belva Ann Lockwood, Mary Gannon, James A. Garfield, Patrick Gilmore, William Le Baron Jenney, Horace Gray, Emily Dickinson, John George Nicolay, David Edward Hughes, John “Old Smoke” Morrissey, Grenville M. Dodge, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Hermann Vezin, Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Edward Ferrero, Horatio Alger, Simon Pokagon, Howell Edmunds Jackson, Phebe Ann Coffin Hanaford, Francis Bicknell Carpenter, Philip Danforth Armour, Harriet Giles, Joseph Jefferson III, Charles Crozat Converse, Black Hawk, Henry Teller, Helen Hunt Jackson, Andrew Dickson White, Mary Edwards Walker, Deerfoot, George Pullman, John Aaron Rawlins, Mary E. Webb, Henry Clay Work, Dat So La Lee, Asaph Hall, John Mercer Langston, Zebulon Vance, Clara Hamilton Harris, Rebecca Lee Crumpler, Henry Flagler, Standing Bear, Carl Schurz, James G. Blaine, Charles Dudley Warner, Jennie Carter, Silas Weir Mitchell, William Sooy Smith, John Batterson Stetson, Eliza Ann Gardner, William J. Le Moyne, Sarah Boone, Albert Bierstadt, George Shiras Jr., Mary Mapes Dodge, Joaquin Murrieta, Horatio Storer, Bernice Pauahi Bishop, William Hulbert, José Agustín Quintero, Sarah J. Garnet, Edward G. Walker, Lester Allan Pelton, Harriet Hosmer, Romualdo Pacheco, Mary Hunt, Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, Ah Toy, George Francis Train, Lucy Pickens, Isaac Shadd, Julius Sterling Morton, George Aiken, Oliver Otis Howard, Mary Harris Thompson, John Wesley Hillman, Clement Studebaker, Alphonso Bowers, Charlotte Woodward Pierce, Henry Jerome Brown, John McCullough, George Brayton, Ely S. Parker
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